1914-+Present+day


 * 20th century nationalism.

Africa

THE WEST

Russia wasnt really industrilized yet as Stalin hoped it to be. In China it was still very not organized. Chiang was corrup, he was really still militaristic. They became the Soviet Union, wanted to be the world super power. Russia, people were taking over one after another.

Spread of communist 20th century Women, gained oppurtunities Jiang qing helped. Women gained equal rights after winning the revolutionary movement. Women did have education. Wanted women to work outside even when married.

Russia didnt wante elite class to be always in power.

Between 1914 and the present Russian society changed in 3 ways. list > However _ remained the same. Global context after.

In the 20th century both Russia and China were (very/vaguely) (similar/different) in that both remained agricultural experiment in that.Hoever Russia was no longer a communist state but China still was.

There were many factors that led to the success of the revolution in the 20th century. Taxes were increased for the peasants. Machines replaced people with skills. Intellectual climate = rise of incidence of revolutions. In terms with Western influence and reassert greater national autonomy was last.
 * 1. Read In Depth p.684 take brief notes and answer the questions (5 points)**

External and internal conflicts was problems that eventually led to riots, not only that but the tax increase. People losing jobs and being replaced by machines is also another factor. Living conditions that urban workers had to deal with. Veterans and soldier returning were being neglected.

=RUSSIA=

Revolution in Russia p681-685


 * Revolution in Russia:Liberalism to Communism**
 * MI:** Riots and strikes were because of food shortages and the misery that the war had caused. The Soviets had taken over and leaders like **Alexander Kerensky** wanted to witness change. Lenin had arose a leader of Russia, and had gained support, he cooperated with the Bolshevik.
 * The riots and strikes that arose in St. Petersburg were caused by such thing such as food shortages, and wartime misery.
 * Not only that but there was also riots because of the unresponsive political system and the conditions of early industrialization was against the rural reform which was not completed.
 * The tsar's ministers were arrested by the Soviets.
 * 1789, Russia had released a system that was similar to France, liberal period.
 * **Alexander Kerensky** wanted to see freedom, political changed. and parliamentary rule.
 * There was a connection with France and Britain through democracy because the war leaders wanted to keep the war effort.
 * The second revolution took place on October which took out the liberal leadership and brought Bolshevik wing of the Social Democracy party.
 * Devoted revolutionary = Russia readiness for communist revolt.
 * Lenin = gained support from urban workers in major cities.
 * Lenin and Bolshevik signed treaty with Germany = lost of Western Russia.
 * Poland revived on Russian land.
 * Council of People's Commissars was created because of the lost of power.
 * Parliament shut down by Lenin replaced with Bolshevik Congress of Soviets.
 * Attacks on France in 1792 was because of Russia's reunification of heavy debts that were owed to the foreigners.
 * Lenin took action and redistributed the land among the peasants and carried out nationalization.


 * Stabilization of Russia's Communist Regime**
 * MI:** Using the Red Army had put Russia at an advantage, in 1921 Lenin had issued the New Economic Policy which was a promise to the people. The Supreme Soviet was born due to universal suffering.
 * Under Leo Trotsky's rule, they were able to recruit generals.
 * **Red Army** was benefitting Russia.
 * **New Economic Policy** issued by Lenin in 1921 which had promised a certain amount of freedom for peasant landowners and business owners.
 * Food production recovered, not only that but also communist system was able to recover.
 * Moscow was the new capital.
 * **Union of Soviet Socialist Republics** was recognized by the constitution.
 * During 1920's to 1980's the % of protests had dropped.
 * Universal suffrage = **Supreme Soviet**
 * The controller of the body was mainly the communist party.
 * Human rights = constitution = 1930's.


 * Soviet Experimentation**
 * MI:** During this time there was many revolts of different kinds, eventually Lenin had died and **Joseph Stalin** had taken over and became the leader, he mainly concentrated on the growth of Russia, eventually ministers and tsar were removed.
 * Communist Party = encouraged subsidiary parties.
 * There was debate over many things such as women's groups and youth movements.
 * Spread of education was promoted by the government.
 * Lenin died on 1924 when he became sick.
 * Leader of the Soviet state was **Joseph Stalin**.
 * The set up of **Comintern** was encouraged by revolutionary leaders.
 * Stalin focused on Russia's growth.
 * Stalin used the **collectivization program.**
 * Ministers and tsar were eliminated.


 * Stalinism in the Soviet Union p698-703**


 * Stalinism in the Soviet Union**
 * MI:** Russia's economy still grew despite the economic collapse in the West, however changed during the 1930's under Stalin's rule. He wanted to changed the Soviet Union, and making it industrialized and under the control of the state.
 * There was industrial growth despite the collapse of West's economy.
 * Authoritarian responses arose because of Stalin's actions during the 1930's.
 * Stalin wanted to make the Soviet Union fully industrialized society, however under the control of the state.
 * Attitude towards private businesses and wealthy peasant farmers = changed during 1920's.


 * Economic Policies**
 * Mi:** Collectivization program was taking place, people like the peasants and kulaks had different opinions and actions on it, the kulaks actions had led to many deaths during the 1930's. Five- Year plan was taking place, new factories were being set up and eventually growth as a result.
 * 1928 = program to collectivize agriculture.
 * Peasants were being pressured to join by communist parties.
 * Collectivization = better control of farmers.
 * Stalin wanted to tax people to speed up industrialization = where the state gets its capital.
 * Peasants and kulaks had different opinions about this program.
 * During 1930's many kulaks were killed.
 * The weakness of the soviets economy was agriculture production.
 * During 1920's - 1930's many unskilled workers began to enter the city.
 * **Five- Year Plan** had set up what was important to them for growth, and levels of output and facilities.
 * New factories such as mining, electric power, and metallurgy was created.
 * Stalin concentrated on location to distribute equipment and supplies rather than the price.
 * First two years = metal products = 14-fold.


 * Toward an Industrial Society**
 * MI:** The laborers that worked in the factories had voice, motivation such as bonuses were given to lead to higher production.
 * Growth of population due to industrialization in the Soviet Union.
 * Motivation set = higher production
 * skilled workers = bonuses.
 * Being workers came with certain perks = vacations = recreational programs.
 * strikes = illegal.
 * laborers had voice.


 * Totalitarian Rule**
 * MI:** Stalinism controlled such things like the arts and science, those who did not follow the rules were exiled to prison camps. Eventually Stalin wanted to work with the West hoping to stop Germanys growth but in 1939 he had made an agreement with Germany instead.
 * Those that didn't follow Stalin's rule on the arts were taking a risk of being exiled to Serbian prison camps.
 * **Socialist realism** was a school that focused on heroic ideas of peasants, workers, and soldiers.
 * Science was being controlled also, evolutionary biology was wrong since it opposed Marxism.
 * To gain full control he used the state and the party.
 * Deaths were caused because of the party leaders that forced people into admitting that they did crimes from 1937- 1938.
 * **Politburo** = rubber stamps.
 * Stalin wanted to work with the west to stop Germany's growth.
 * However stalin worked with Germany instead in 1939.


 * Eastern Europe after WWII p750-759**

MI: Soviet Union became the world power through development of things such as weapons and their economy was also a factor.
 * The Soviet Union as Superpower**
 * Regaining tsarist boundaries and expanding, and also active role in European diplomacy was there desire.
 * nation became world power.
 * Their position was kept through things like heavy industry and growth on weapons.
 * New leverage grew for the Soviet Union, due to the growth of the economy and the military.


 * The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe**
 * MI:** Soviet Union became influential world wide, and had dominated Eastern Europe in 1945. Communist had removed those that weren't during 1948. Berlin Wall was created by the Soviet Union in 1961. Soviet Union gave tolerance to Poland however not to Hungary.
 * Soviet Union = became worldwide influence.
 * Cold war = due to Soviet Union.
 * Germany or Italy had taken over Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.
 * Nazi took over Eastern Europe for 4 years.
 * Yugoslavia's anti- Nazi was the only one that was strong enough to have influence.
 * Soviet army was the dominant force in Eastern Europe in 1945.
 * 1948 noncommunist regimes were eliminated due to the combine forces of the Soviets and local Communist movements.
 * Large estate system was had ended due to the Collectivization program.
 * Warsaw Pact was followed by the common defense alliance after NATO was formed.
 * **Berlin Wall** created in 1961 by the Soviet Union.
 * In Hungary and Poland, liberal communist leaders had rise to create states that offered more freedom and diversity from the Soviets.
 * Polish became grew in Poland.
 * Soviet's however did not give tolerance to Hungary.
 * Eastern European governments = given cultural freedom.
 * 1968 liberal regime came to power in Czechoslovakia.
 * **Solidarity =** independence movement in 1970's.
 * Soviets kept military in Europe.


 * Evolution of Domestic Policies**
 * MI:** War had encouraged nationalism, attitudes benefitted many people such as Stalin in keeping foreigners away and during the 20th century strict rule kept Russia isolated from others.
 * War > nationalism
 * Attitude had benefitted many such as Stalin on keeping foreigners away.
 * During mid 20th century Soviet Union was isolated due to rules of outside media, and traveling.
 * Bureaucracy of the Communist party and government grew.
 * More opportunities grew during 1940's
 * 6% = bureaucracy promotion
 * candidates needs three nominations from three party members to join.


 * Soviet Culture : Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions**
 * MI:** The rights of churches were limited. The rights of Jewish people had also been limited, churches also became less interesting during 1950's. Scientists were being controlled by Stalinism, those who focused to much on evolution biology were placed in jail.
 * After 1917 the regime had wanted to go to war with Orthodox Church.
 * To devote to communism and the state there was May Day parades.
 * Churches rights were limited.
 * Jewish freedom was also limited.
 * People became less interested in churches during the 1950's
 * After WWII socialist realism had moved to eastern Europe.
 * literature was diverse.
 * Freedom of the people depended on many different factors.
 * After **Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn** published his trilogy he was exiled to the U.S.
 * Science were funded, had to follow Marxism.
 * Freudianism had been banned.


 * Economy and Society**
 * MI:** Soviet Union became fully industrilized during 1920's and 1950's. The rate of manufacturing and population also grew total of 50 percent. The production of items and their actions cause enviromental damage. Women were given new oppurtunities to work even after married.
 * During 1920's and 1950's Soviet Union was fully industrialized.
 * manufacturing + population growth = 50%
 * Soviet Union did not focus alot of things like automobiles, and bath tub plugs.
 * living standards improved + welfare services.
 * environmental damage = pollution
 * division in wealth
 * birth rate dropped
 * children were being disciplined more strictly
 * married woman worked.
 * woman worked in medicine.


 * De- Stalinization**
 * MI: **In 1965 **Nikita Khrushchev** attacked Stalinism, however his plans to cultivate Serbian land had failed, which led to his downfall. During the arms race they made developments in technology. Death rates grew due to alcohol consumption.
 * In 1965 **Nikita Khrushchev** attacked Stalinism.
 * Intellectuals were not as open to bring up new issues.
 * He opened new Siberian land to cultivate.
 * However he failed which led to his downfall.
 * economy continued to grow.
 * Several new leaders came and went.
 * Missiles were placed in Cuba by the Soviets, but eventually removed it.
 * During the arms race Soviets made developments.
 * Rise of Muslim in 1970's = trouble for Soviets.
 * In order to promote friendly puppet regime there was an invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.
 * Workers were not motivated.
 * increase in deaths = alcohol.


 * Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s p841-847**


 * The Explosion of the 1980's and 1990's.**
 * MI:** Soviet Union entered a period of reform, diseases started to rise, land started to deteriorate, and morale of the people and industrial production began to drop.
 * Soviet Union entered a period of reform after 1895.
 * environmental deterioration in eastern Europe.
 * 1980's half of agricultural land was endanger.
 * diseases rose
 * infant morality rate grew.
 * poor worker morale, industrial production drop.


 * The Age of Reform**
 * MI:** **Mikhail Gorbachev** became the new official to replace the old he wanted the Soviet Union to be active in things like media, wanted them to be less isolated. Not only that but he wanted to give power to others.
 * **Mikhail Gorbachev** was the new and younger official that was brought in to replace the old.
 * He was more western.
 * He allowed the Soviet Union to be active in thing such as the media, wanted to reduce nuclear arms.
 * Agreement with U.S. in 1987, which limited missiles in Europe,also ended the war in Afghanistan.
 * Gorbachev wanted **glasnost.**
 * There was limit on political freedom.
 * Gorbachev also reduced Soviet isolation.
 * The opening of McDonald's in Moscow was change, interacting foreigners with Soviets.
 * The program of **perestroika** was translated differently by Goberchav of decentralized control of agriculture, industry and private ownership.
 * foreign investment encouraged.
 * Wanted to reduce drinking and arguing.
 * 1988 new constitution was encouraged --> giving power to parliament, Congress of People's Deputies, and to get rid of monopolies of Communist that controls elections.
 * Women had more work due to Soviets actions.


 * Dismantling the Soviet Empire**
 * MI:** In 1987 Bulgaria was held back by the Soviets, new president was elected for Hungary in 1988, Berlin Wall was dismantled. In 1991 Germany had reunified, and there was a new government in Czechoslovakia in 1989.
 * Soviets held back Bulgaria in 1987 even though they tried to move.
 * New communist president in Hungary in 1988.
 * Socialist was the new Communist party.
 * Hungary ---> free market economy.
 * government subsidiaries were withdrawn = prices went up.
 * Berlin Wall dismantled.
 * Noncommunist won free election in 1990.
 * 1991, German reunification.
 * 1989 new government in Czechoslovakia.
 * The Communist party in Bulgaria still had power.
 * Turkish minority was attacked by the Bulgarians.
 * There was huge amount of pollution, slow production and economic problems in eastern Europe.


 * Renewed Turmoil in 1990's**
 * MI:** As time passed Gorbachev's power was weakened eventually Boris Yeltsin had replaced him and eventually he also failed then Vladmir Putin took over.
 * Gorbachev power weakened by the coup.
 * minorities gained independence.
 * **Boris Yeltsin** had eventually replaced Gorbacheva as president.
 * Force was used by Yeltsin to control Russia's parliament.
 * Yeltsin became weak and his power weakened also as the economy did bad.
 * In 1999 Vladmir Putin was president.
 * He was democratic.
 * He resisted the Chechnya revolt.

Leader Analysis Sheet Joseph Stalin ||  || 1 8 December 1878 – 5 March 1953 || Title: Marshall of the Soviet Union || Soviet Union || Years in Power 6 May 1941 – 5 March 1953 || He was took over for Vladimir Lenin. ||  || Riots, strikes, people being killed/ imprisoned. Kulaks were killed/ imprisoned. ||
 * Name of Leader:
 * Lifespan
 * Country/region:
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals: Modernize the military, stalinism, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stalin wanted to make the Soviet Union fully industrialized society, however under the control of the state. ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Significant Actions & events During Term of Power: Results of the five- Years Plan was that new factories were being created. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stalin wanted to tax people to speed up industrialization this is where the state gets its capital.Joseph Stalin worked with Germany instead of the U.S. in 1939, made an agreement known as the Non Aggression Pact. even though Germany’s power was still rising. During 1930's many kulaks were killed or even exiled for resisting Joseph Stalin and even burning livestock and other property. Collectivization began in 1928 to control the peasants easier. ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: #d9d9d9; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Short-Term effects: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stalinism controlled such things like the arts and science, those who did not follow the rules were exiled to prison camps. Increase in metal materials 14- fold. || <span style="background-color: #d9d9d9; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Long-Term Effects:

=CHINA=
 * Toward Revolution in China 685-689**


 * Toward Revolution in China**


 * MI**: Qing dynasty ended with a boy emperor, cliques were formed in order to protect their own territory, Yuan Shikai who led the most powerful clique in North China wanted to take the throne.
 * Fall of Qing dynasty ended with Manchu boy-emperor Puyi in 1912.
 * Mao Zedong took control of Chinese Communist party.
 * warlords formed cliques to protect territory.
 * **Yuan Shikai l**ed the most powerful clique in north China, wanted to take the throne and lead in Manchu dynasty.
 * Second power in Manchu consisted of merchants and bankers.


 * China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative**
 * MI:** Sun Yat- Sen was the leader of the revolutionary alliance, however he resigned in 1912 for Yuan Shikai. Eventually Yuan was forced to resign in 1916. The **May Fourth Movement** was a resistance to transform China to liberal democracy.
 * Revolutionary Alliance was leaded by Sun Yat- Sen.
 * Revolutionary Alliance = little support + power.
 * End of 1911 Sun was elected as president.
 * 1912 he resigned for Yuan Shikai.
 * Took foreign loans-> bought out bureaucracy in Beijing, most of it.
 * Plans were intervene by others such as Sun.
 * Twenty- one demands were given to Yuan in 1915.
 * 1916 Yuan was forced to resign
 * May 4, 1919 = beginning of resistance, students and intellectuals played huge role.
 * **May Fourth Movement** = transform China to liberal democracy.
 * **May Fourth Movement** adopted by youth of China.
 * Paid attention more to Marx
 * **Li Dazhao** wanted to change Marxism to fit China, thought peasants were important for change.
 * Believed China needs to fight those who them.
 * **Mao Zedong** had joined Li.
 * Leaders met in Shanghai wanting to unite Marxist in 1921, in the summer


 * The Seizure of Power by China's Guomindang**
 * MI:****Guomindang,** was anationalist party was struggling to survive in the south. Sun Yat-Sen had led it . forging alliances was the beginning of the slow process that the nationalists started, Sun made an alliance with communist party in 1924 during the conference.
 * **Guomindang,** the nationalist party was struggling to survive in the south.
 * Sun Yat- Sen was known for leading the nationalist struggle.
 * forging alliances was the beginning of the slow process that the nationalists started.
 * Nationalists leaders focused on international issues and political issues.
 * Sun made alliance with communist in 1924 during the nationalist party conference.
 * **Whompoa Military Academy** was found in 1924, contributed by the Soviets, staffed with Russians.
 * **Chiang Kai-Shek** was the first head of the academy.
 * Connections led him to this position
 * 90 % of the population consisted of peasants which suffered due to the actions of the government.


 * Mao and the Peasant Opinion**
 * MI:** During Mao Zedong's early life he had a diffucult childhood, he had opposed his father's actions, therefore had to survive on his own. He had trouble educating himself and was influence by thinkers such as Sun Yat-Sen.The **Long March** had consisted of 90,000 people had occured in 1934 was caused by an attack on communist stronghold in south central China, forced to relocate North.
 * **Mao Zedong** had opposed of his father's actions in exploiting others.
 * He struggled to educate himself.
 * Nationalists became successful after the death of Sun Yat-Sen in 1925.
 * Chiang went north which his army after defeating the military chiefs in Canton.
 * Took over Shanghai, and Yangtze River Valley in 1927.
 * Master of China in 1920's.
 * Opposed Communist.
 * Huge massacre in 1927 in Shanghai.
 * **Long March** which consisted of 90,000 people in 1934 was caused by an attack on communist stronghold in south central China.
 * Communist gained advantage through Japan's invasion in 1930's.


 * Mao's China and Beyond**
 * MI:** The invasion of Japan had helped Communist parties however proved a disadvantage to Chiang, he had fled to Formosa, and Mao took over.
 * Japanese invasion on China intervene with Chiang's plans.
 * Chiang didnt do much to stop the Japanese.
 * Japanese attacked benefited the Communist party.
 * Chiang retreated to Chongqing.
 * Communist gained nationalists supporters, students.
 * Civil war 1945 ended in 1949, fled to Formosa.
 * Mao took over **People's Republic of China** located in Beijing.
 * Mao wanted many change in his revolutionary movement.
 * Mao protected the peasants to win their votes.
 * **Li Bao** was one of his commanders.


 * The Communists Come to Power**
 * MI:** The **People's Liberation Army** was controlled by military officials. The Chinese had intervene between the disputes of North and South Korea.
 * Military officials that had already been in there for five years controlled the **People's Liberation Army.**
 * North and South Korea conflict was intercepted by the Chinese.
 * China working with Soviet Union started to end Mao's rule during 1950's.
 * China defeated India in a war due to a disagreement on borders.


 * Planning for Economic Growth and Social Justice**
 * MI:** Land that was once taken from the land owners and given to the peasant was taken away from them. Mao's supporters and him agreed with the **Mass Line approach** in 1955, Mao was hostile towards elitism.
 * Completing the social revolution was their first priority.
 * land taken from land owners were give to peasants.
 * Communist leaders turned to urban workers instead of peasants.
 * advances in industrialization
 * Mao had to change his strategy because interventions.
 * Mao had hostility towards elitism.
 * Mao's supporters and him agreed with the **Mass Line approach** in 1955.
 * Land was taken away from peasants through collectivization.
 * Mao's actions were protested.


 * The Great Leap BackWard**
 * MI:****Great Leap Forward** created in 1958 by Mao and his supporters to restore its mass, rural base, led to economic disaster. Due to problems eventually only one child per family was allowed.
 * **Great Leap Forward** created in 1958 by Mao and his supporters to restore its mass, rural base, led to economic disaster.
 * Needed to import grain to feed people in since 1949.
 * birth rate low
 * In 1980's one child per family.
 * Mao lost his position.
 * Mao's old allies **Liu Shaoqui, Deng Xiaping, and Zhou Enlai** came to power.


 * "Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens"**
 * MI:** Mao's wife **Jiang Qing** played a huge role in women's rights. Mao was also a great influence. Women gained my new oppurtunities and jobs such as spies, and even truck drivers. Jiang Qing lost power when her husband died.
 * **Mao's** wife **Jiang Qing** had helped him.
 * Mao had a great deal of effect on women's rights he wanted to end foot binding.
 * Chiang's wife declard good "Mothers Day"
 * Women were teachers, nurses, spies, and even truck drivers.
 * Women gained equality if won the revolution
 * women were expected to work outside after 1949.
 * Jiang Qing lost power when her husband died.


 * Mao's Last campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four**
 * MI:**Mao had opposed Deng Xiaoing and his pragmatist allies. Gang of Four was led by Jiang Qing, they wanted to take over the government, but was imprisoned for life.
 * Mao opposed Deng Xiaoing and his pragmatist allies.
 * Wanted to launch his campaign of **Cultural Revolution in 1965.**
 * Zhao Enlai went to seclusion, Liu Shaoqui killed and Deng Xiaoping was imprisoned.
 * cultural revolution ---> China = vulnerable
 * **Gang of Four** was led by Jiang Qing.
 * Gang of Four wanted to take over government = imprisoned for life.

Students wanted to protest on June 4, 1989 for more democratic system. Speech given by official Li Peng. Many people are being affected in different ways, people are using hunger strikes, laws have been violated due to strikes. They do not want to hurt the students because others would have already and the government is being understanding and are actually doing something to care for them and not hurting them.
 * 6. Read add take __brief__ notes on //Democratic Protest and Repression in China// 848-849 – Answer the questions at the end of the document (5 points)**

Li Peng wants to object to the protest movement because it is affecting many people and mainly the education of the students.

He tries to persuade them to stop by saying how tolerant the government is and how they are not hurting the students and that the government will listen.

Arguments that government use is to try to sweet talk the people into stopping the protest and leave quietly or they would have to be harsh.

Communist values because they are in different groups and not equal therefore it doesn't reflect with Chinese culture.

The Chinese doesn't want anyone to protest therefore political democracy is taken away.

Leader Analysis Sheet
 * Name of Leader: Mao Zedong ||
 * Lifespan December 26, 1893 - September 9, 1976 || Title: ||
 * Country/region: China || Years in Power: Ocober 1, 1949 - September 9, 1976. ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power: Grew up on his own was influenced by thinkers such as Sun Yat-Sen. Mao Zedong took control of Chinese Communist party, after the Qing dynasty ended with the boy-emperor Puyi. ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals: Mao took over **People's Republic of China** located in Beijing. **Mao Zedong** had joined Li. Mao was hostile towards elitism. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power: Mao opposed Deng Xiaoing and his pragmatist allies. Wanted to launch his campaign of **Cultural Revolution in 1965.** Mao wanted many change in his revolutionary movement. Mao Zedong led the **Long March** which consisted of 90,000 people in 1934 was caused by an attack on communist stronghold in south central China. ||
 * Short-Term effects: The Long March made Mao Zedong's position stable for the time being. || Long-Term Effects: **Great Leap Forward** created in 1958 by Mao and his supporters to restore its mass, rural base, led to economic disaster. Mao had a great deal of effect on women's rights he wanted to end foot binding. ||

<span style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">From 1914 to the present there has always been someone that was ruling China, however the ruler shifted from one person to the next. <span style="margin: 0in 0px 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">During this time there was a low birth rate, not only that but during the 1980's families were limited to one child per family.
 * <span style="margin: 0in 0px 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Analyze the changes and continuities in Chinese politics from 1914 to the present
 * <span style="margin: 0in 0px 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Analyze the changes in Chinese Society from 1914 to the present

Unlike Russia leaders of China were more tolerant towards people's rights. Mao Zedong was more helpful in getting rights for women because of his wife Jiang Qing. China
 * Essay 1: Compare 20th Century political developments in China and Russia.**

=**Latin America:**= Change Analysis Chart: Latin America 1914 to the Present Key Changes ||  Basic Features at the End of the Period  ||  Causes and effects  || || ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Theme ||  Basic features at beginning of period  ||  Key Continuities
 * Political
 * Government systems
 * style of control || Republic
 * Argentina
 * Social ||   ||   ||
 * Social ||   ||   ||
 * Economic ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Economic ||   ||   ||   ||   ||