Asian+Transitions+in+an+Age+of+Global+change

The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans- Arab, India, and China were the major producers of products however there were other areas that had provided other materials that were essential, trading cost a lot for long distances.  Trading Empire: The Portuguese Response to the Encounter at Calicut Had little to offer/ trade decided to use force and expanded their power in order to become more successful and to monopolize trade spice to gain wealth and convert people was their intentions.  Portuguese Vulnerability and the Rise of the Dutch and English Trading Empires- Portuguese declined and captured by Dutch, they set up their own trading system and empire similar to Portuguese. They too wanted to monopolize the trade of spices to make a profit however they were more successful in monopolizing due to their tactics and their large # of people.  Going Ashore: European Tribute Systems in Asia Europe began to enter into Asia’s trading system however this led them to a disadvantage in several things; they eventually believed that growing coffee was profitable. Where ever they went they would set up tribute regimes.
 * ** Asian sea trading network **- divided to 3 zones, Arab on glass, tapestries of Islam heartlands, and carpets. India-excellent cotton textiles. China produced paper, silk textiles, and porcelain.
 * Metals, foods, forest products and, raw materials came from other areas such as Japan, Southeast Asia, and the mainland kingdoms, spices used to pay for raw materials.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Long distance trade cost a lot like ivories or even spices and cotton textiles and silk was the same, larger items were different.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Navigation tools and the monsoon winds had helped the sailors in their travels.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Costal routes were preferred by the Chinese and Arabs for precaution even though they had large ships it was more predictable.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Characteristics of trading system- 1) no central control 2) military force absent from commercial exchanges.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Portuguese were behind others did not have much to offer other than silver and gold, Portuguese decided to resolve problem through force.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Portuguese could overpower the Chinese through their firepower except the huge war fleets of the Chinese junks.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Portuguese’s motivation was converting people and wealth, small in numbers but united.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Indian and African ports had to abide to the Portuguese In 1502 when da Gama set off for second expedition, had to pay tribute. Those who refused were assaulted. Defeated Egyptian and India fleet in 1509.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Extended power and took over towns to establish fortresses in 1507.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">** <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ormuz **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">overtaken in 1509 and in 1510 ** Goa **, in 1511 Malacca.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Wanted to monopolize spice trading.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Never fulfilled their dream of monopolizing spices, such spices as cinnamon and pepper were out of their reach. To enforce monopolizing tactics they would cut of hands of rivals.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Internal affairs and external caused them to decline during end of 16th century.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dutch and English overpowered them during 17th century and Portuguese was captured in Malacca and replaced it at ** Batavia ** in 1620.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">** <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dutch trading empires **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> similar to Portuguese. Ex- fortified small towns, warships, and factories. Differences Ex- larger # of people
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Forced people out and took what they did not own in order to sell it and make a profit.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Believed working in trading system peacefully in long run would prove to be more beneficial.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fees grew on spices due to decline of spices, pepper became more expensive. Buying cloths from Asia and selling to Europe made them more profitable.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">16th and 17th century Europe enters Asia trading system, ability of military began to fade due to large amount of people in Asia’s military.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dutch had to kowtow to the Japanese in court to display their respect.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dutch and Portuguese believed that they needed to control sale and production of cinnamon.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Growing coffee was what Dutch believed was good for business during 17th century as they expand into Java.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Spanish invaded Philippine Islands in 1560’s after settling in 1493.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">** <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mindanao **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">was able to resist the invasions of the Spanish to convert.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: .5in; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Europeans requirements to tribute wherever they went, and people could live in their lands, the indigenous people as long as they pay tribute, which was agricultural production.